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:''This article is about the ''Solanum elaeagnifolium'' described by A. J. Cavanilles. The plant described under the same name by W. Herbert and C. L. Willdenow based on E.G. von Steudel is ''S. aethiopicum. ''Solanum elaeagnifolium'', the silverleaf nightshade or silver-leaved nightshade, is a common weed of western North America and also found in South America. Other common names include prairie berry, silverleaf nettle, white horsenettle or silver nightshade. In South Africa it is known as silver-leaf bitter-apple or ''satansbos'' ("Satan's bush" in Afrikaans). More ambiguous names include "bull-nettle", "horsenettle" and the Spanish ''"trompillo"''.〔Cronquist ''et al.'' (1984), USDA (2006)〕 ==Description and ecology== It is a perennial 10 cm〔Niehaus ''et al.'' (1984)〕 to 1 m in height. The stems are covered with nettle-like prickles, ranging from very few on some plants to very dense on others. Leaves and stems are covered with downy hairs (trichomes) that lie against and hide the surface, giving a silvery or grayish appearance.〔Cronquist ''et al.'' (1984)〕 The leaves are up to 15 cm long and 0.5 to 2.5 cm wide, with shallowly waved edges, which distinguish it from the closely related Carolina Horsenettle (''S. carolinense''), which has wider, more deeply indented leaves. The flowers, appearing from April to August, have five petals united to form a star, ranging from blue to pale lavender or occasionally white; five yellow stamens and a pistil form a projecting center. The plant produces glossy yellow, orange, or red berries that last all winter and may turn brown as they dry.〔 Its range is from Kansas south to Louisiana, and west through the Mexican-border states of the United States into Mexico, as well as Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile.〔USDA (2006)〕 It may have originated in North America and was accidentally introduced to South America〔WSNWCB (2008)〕 or the reverse.〔 It can grow in poor soil with very little water. It spreads by rhizomes as well as seeds, and is common in disturbed habitats. It is considered a noxious weed in 21 U.S. states and in countries such as Australia, Egypt, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.〔Nugent (2005), WSNWCB (2008)〕 It is toxic to livestock and very hard to control, as root stocks less than 1 cm long can regenerate into plants.〔CDFA ()〕 However, some gardeners encourage it as a xeriscape ornamental. The Pima Indians used the berries as a vegetable rennet, and the Kiowa used the seeds together with brain tissue to tan leather.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solanum elaeagnifolium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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